Lactotripeptides
Research reviewed: Up until 03/2026
Lactotripeptides (Isoleucine-Proline-Proline (IPP) and Valine-Proline-Proline (VPP) from casein hydrolysate) is a dietary supplement with 8 published peer-reviewed studies involving 1,549 participants, researched for Blood Pressure Reduction via ACE Inhibition, Endothelial Function & Vascular Health.
Evidence at a Glance
Strength is scored by study design, sample size, study type, and outcomes
Blood Pressure Reduction via ACE Inhibition
StrongEndothelial Function & Vascular Health
ModerateResearch Visualised
Visual breakdown of the clinical data.
Study Quality Breakdown
What types of studies were conducted
Participants Per Study
Larger samples = more reliable results
Research Timeline
When the studies were published
All Studies
Detailed breakdown of each trial. Click to expand.
Blood Pressure Reduction via ACE Inhibition
To assess the antihypertensive efficacy of fermented milk containing tripeptides IPP and VPP in mildly hypertensive patients.
Study Type
Randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled
Purpose
To assess the antihypertensive efficacy of fermented milk containing tripeptides IPP and VPP in mildly hypertensive patients.
Dose
3 × 150 mL/day fermented milk (providing ~5 mg IPP+VPP)
Participants
70 mildly hypertensive adults
Duration
8 weeks
Results
Fermented milk containing IPP and VPP significantly reduced SBP (−4.8 mmHg) and DBP (−2.2 mmHg) vs control milk. ACE inhibitory activity was confirmed ex vivo. The magnitude of effect was clinically meaningful for mild-to-moderate hypertension management.
How They Measured It
Clinic and 24-hour ambulatory SBP and DBP
To meta-analyse the blood pressure-lowering effects of casein-derived lactotripeptides (IPP, VPP) across human RCTs.
Study Type
Systematic review and meta-analysis
Purpose
To meta-analyse the blood pressure-lowering effects of casein-derived lactotripeptides (IPP, VPP) across human RCTs.
Dose
Various (2–10 mg IPP+VPP/day)
Participants
Multiple RCTs (>1,200 participants)
Duration
4–12 weeks
Results
Lactotripeptides significantly reduced SBP (WMD −2.95 mmHg) and DBP (WMD −1.51 mmHg) vs placebo. Effects were consistent across populations and dairy matrices. Greater reductions were observed in hypertensive compared to normotensive subjects.
How They Measured It
Pooled SBP and DBP from all eligible RCTs; subgroup analysis by baseline BP, population, and dose
To evaluate the antihypertensive effects of sour milk (Lactobacillus helveticus-fermented) containing IPP and VPP.
Study Type
Randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled
Purpose
To evaluate the antihypertensive effects of sour milk (Lactobacillus helveticus-fermented) containing IPP and VPP.
Dose
150 mL/day fermented sour milk (IPP+VPP producing Lactobacillus helveticus)
Participants
39 mildly hypertensive patients
Duration
8 weeks
Results
Sour milk significantly reduced SBP by −6.7 mmHg and DBP by −3.6 mmHg. ACE activity was significantly inhibited. Plasma renin activity increased (consistent with ACE inhibition). This pioneering Finnish trial confirmed the antihypertensive mechanism of lactotripeptides.
How They Measured It
Clinic blood pressure, ACE activity, plasma renin activity
To assess lactotripeptide (IPP, VPP) tablets on blood pressure in Japanese hypertensive adults.
Study Type
Randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled
Purpose
To assess lactotripeptide (IPP, VPP) tablets on blood pressure in Japanese hypertensive adults.
Dose
Lactotripeptide tablet equivalent to 3.4 mg IPP + 3.6 mg VPP daily
Participants
62 hypertensive Japanese adults
Duration
8 weeks
Results
Lactotripeptide tablets significantly reduced home SBP (−5.2 mmHg) and DBP (−2.9 mmHg) vs placebo. Office blood pressure was also reduced. No adverse events were reported. Results confirm the antihypertensive benefit of lactotripeptide tablets as a practical supplement form.
How They Measured It
Home and office SBP and DBP, adverse events
Endothelial Function & Vascular Health
To evaluate lactotripeptides on endothelial function and arterial stiffness.
Study Type
Randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled
Purpose
To evaluate lactotripeptides on endothelial function and arterial stiffness.
Dose
5 mg/day IPP+VPP
Participants
68 adults with pre-hypertension
Duration
8 weeks
Results
Lactotripeptides significantly improved FMD (+1.9%) and reduced arterial stiffness (pulse wave velocity −0.4 m/s). Blood pressure was meaningfully reduced (SBP −4.1 mmHg). The improvement in vascular function precedes and may mediate longer-term blood pressure benefits.
How They Measured It
FMD, pulse wave velocity, reactive hyperaemia index, blood pressure
To comprehensively review the molecular mechanisms and clinical evidence for dairy-derived peptides in blood pressure control.
Study Type
Review — mechanisms and clinical data
Purpose
To comprehensively review the molecular mechanisms and clinical evidence for dairy-derived peptides in blood pressure control.
Dose
Various fermented dairy products and purified lactotripeptides
Participants
Multiple studies reviewed
Duration
Various
Results
IPP and VPP are potent ACE inhibitors (IC50 in μM range). Human trials consistently show 3–8 mmHg SBP reductions. Mechanisms also include reduced endothelin-1, improved NO bioavailability, and direct vasodilatory effects. Lactotripeptides are among the best-evidenced dietary bioactive peptides for blood pressure management.
How They Measured It
Synthesis of in vitro ACE inhibition studies, animal models, and human RCTs
To evaluate lactotripeptide-containing drink on blood pressure in subjects with metabolic syndrome.
Study Type
Randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled
Purpose
To evaluate lactotripeptide-containing drink on blood pressure in subjects with metabolic syndrome.
Dose
250 mL/day functional drink containing 5.1 mg IPP+VPP
Participants
110 adults with metabolic syndrome
Duration
12 weeks
Results
The lactotripeptide drink significantly reduced 24-hour ambulatory SBP (−5.3 mmHg) and DBP (−2.9 mmHg). Waist circumference and fasting glucose trends improved but were not statistically significant. Blood pressure benefits were consistent with those from other lactotripeptide studies.
How They Measured It
24-hour ambulatory blood pressure, waist circumference, fasting glucose, lipid panel
To update the meta-analysis of lactotripeptide (IPP, VPP) effects on blood pressure with more recent RCT data.
Study Type
Updated systematic review and meta-analysis
Purpose
To update the meta-analysis of lactotripeptide (IPP, VPP) effects on blood pressure with more recent RCT data.
Dose
Various lactotripeptide preparations
Participants
Updated pooling of multiple RCTs
Duration
4–12 weeks
Results
Updated meta-analysis confirmed significant SBP and DBP reductions with lactotripeptides. Effect sizes were modest but clinically relevant, particularly for pre-hypertension management as a non-pharmacological approach. No significant publication bias was detected.
How They Measured It
Pooled SBP and DBP across updated RCTs; publication bias assessment
Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about Lactotripeptides research
There are currently 8 peer-reviewed studies on Lactotripeptides (Isoleucine-Proline-Proline (IPP) and Valine-Proline-Proline (VPP) from casein hydrolysate), involving 1,549 total participants. Research covers Blood pressure reduction, ACE inhibition, Endothelial function and 1 more areas. The overall evidence strength is rated as Strong.
The evidence is currently rated as "Strong Evidence". This rating is based on study design quality (randomisation, blinding, placebo controls), sample sizes, study types (5 human studies), and reported outcomes.
Lactotripeptides has been researched for: Blood pressure reduction, ACE inhibition, Endothelial function, Vascular health. Each area has its own body of evidence which you can explore in the study breakdowns above.
Yes, 5 out of 8 studies are human trials. Human trials carry more weight in our evidence scoring system.
